The agriculture sector directly supports the country’s population and accounts for 24% of gross domestic product (GDP) and employs about half of the labor force10. The seasonal rainfall was close to average over KP & Balochistan, above normal over GB, whereas below average over AJ&K, Punjab & Sindh9. During Monsoon (July – Sep) Season 2021, close to average rainfall was recorded on whole country. The average annual precipitation is around 242.3 mm but is unevenly distributed It ranges from less than 100 mm in parts of the Lower Indus Plain to over 544.9 mm near the foothills in the Upper Indus Plain8. There are four distinct seasons in Pakistan: a chilly, dry winter from December through February a hot, dry spring from March through May the summer rainy season from June through September and the retreating monsoon period of October and November. June is the hottest month on the plains and July in the mountainous areas, with mean monthly maximum temperature over 38☌, while the mean monthly minimum is only 2.5☌ in January7. The climate varies from tropical to temperate, with arid conditions in the coastal south. Out of the total area of Pakistan, 34.85 Mha is the agricultural area, and the forest area accounts for 3.92 Mha6 The density of the population of Pakistan is more than 287 inhabitants per Sq. Pakistan ranks fifth among the most populous countries of the world4. The livelihood of rural population is mainly on agriculture which is dependent mainly on irrigation. The total population of Pakistan was estimated as 229 Million in 2022 as per the estimates and projections of Trading Economics2, out of which rural population constitutes 62.84%3. Ranging from the coastal areas of the south to the lofty mountains of the north, Pakistan’s landscape varies from plains to deserts, forests, hills, and plateaus The geographical coordinates of Pakistan are: 30.3753°N and 69.3451☎.
It ranks 34th among the largest countries of the world in terms of its total area and accounts for 0.5% of the total landmass of the world1.
The coastline of the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman forms its southern border. It is bordered by India to the east, Afghanistan to the west, Iran to the southwest, and China to the northeast. Pakistan is a South Asian country with a total area of 796,000 Sq.
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